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The science behind the peptides everyone's talking about

GLP-1s, BPC-157, TB-500, NAD+ and more. What they are, what the studies actually found, and what's coming next. In plain language, with sources.

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23Peptides profiled
40+Studies summarized
WeeklyResearch brief
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Peptide Library

23 peptides. What the research found.

Each profile leads with the strongest findings and how solid the evidence is. Tap a card for the full profile.

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GLP-1s

Ozempic, Mounjaro and what comes next

The gut hormone drugs changing weight loss and metabolic health. Tap any one for the full profile.

Average weight loss in the headline trials

Each bar is the average loss on the highest dose studied in that drug's pivotal trial. Placebo groups lost about 2 to 3%.

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STEP 1 (NEJM 2021, 68 wk) · OASIS 4 (64 wk) · REDEFINE 1 (NEJM 2025, 68 wk) · SURMOUNT-1 (NEJM 2022, 72 wk) · TRIUMPH-1 (Lilly topline, May 2026, 80 wk) · ATTAIN-1 (NEJM 2025, 72 wk). Trials differ in length and population, so compare with care.

Most talked about

The peptides everyone's asking about

Researchers often study peptides that act on different parts of the same process. Here's what's in each popular stack and what the research on each ingredient shows.

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Recovery

Wolverine

BPC-157 + TB-500

The best known repair pairing. BPC-157 is studied for tendon, ligament and gut lining repair. TB-500, a fragment of thymosin beta-4, helps cells move and build new blood vessels.

Runner on the beach
Repair + skin

GLOW

GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + TB-500

Adds the copper peptide GHK-Cu, studied for collagen production and skin remodeling, to the Wolverine pair.

Cold morning on a dock
Repair + inflammation

KLOW

GLOW + KPV

Everything in GLOW, plus KPV, a three amino acid piece of alpha-MSH that reduced gut inflammation in mouse studies.

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Growth hormone axis

CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin

GHRH analog + ghrelin mimic

Two different signals that prompt the pituitary to release its own growth hormone. CJC-1295 raised IGF-1 1.5 to 3x in healthy adults in a 2006 study.

No published study tests these blends as a combination. The evidence comes from each ingredient separately, mostly animal and lab research. Educational content, not medical advice.

Research & Studies

The studies behind the headlines

Plain language breakdowns of the trials and decisions people are talking about. Members get a new one every week.

Ozempic vs Mounjaro vs Retatrutide: how they compare

Average weight loss in each drug's main trial: retatrutide 28.3% (TRIUMPH-1, 80 weeks), tirzepatide 20.9% (SURMOUNT-1, 72 weeks), semaglutide 14.9% (STEP 1, 68 weeks). In the only head to head trial so far, SURMOUNT-5, tirzepatide beat semaglutide 20.2% to 13.7%. Different trials and lengths, so treat it as a snapshot.

See the GLP-1 scoreboard
The FDA just moved on BPC-157

HHS and the FDA sent an interim access policy for compounding certain peptides to the White House for review. Sources told the AP it would let specialty pharmacies temporarily compound some of the most popular peptides, including BPC-157. Nothing is final yet, and none of these peptides is FDA approved.

FDA panel backs 6 of 7 peptides for compounding

The Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee voted yes on BPC-157, KPV and TB-500 (8 to 6), MOTS-c (7 to 5), Epitalon (7 to 5) and Semax (8 to 5). FDA staff scientists had recommended against all of them, citing limited human data. The FDA makes the final call.

Retatrutide keeps delivering

Two more 80 week phase 3 trials: TRIUMPH-2 (1,152 adults with type 2 diabetes) showed up to 20.8% weight loss and A1c down as much as 1.6 points. TRIUMPH-3 (1,949 adults with heart disease) showed up to 22.6%. Lilly plans to file with the FDA in early 2027.

Why "pure" doesn't mean "sterile"

A lab report answers different questions. HPLC measures purity, mass spec confirms identity, and separate tests check sterility and endotoxin. A report that only shows purity is answering one question out of four.

Testing 101
NAD+ isn't actually a peptide

It's a coenzyme every cell uses to make energy and repair DNA. Levels fall with age, which is why it's a longevity favorite. In a pilot study, blood NAD+ rose 398% six hours into an IV infusion, but raising levels hasn't yet been shown to change hard health outcomes.

The fundamentals

No molecule beats the basics.

Every member gets our guides on the research behind training, recovery, sleep and nutrition. The things that work for everyone.

Train

What the studies say about building and keeping muscle at every age.

Recover

Tissue repair is one of the hottest areas in peptide research. Here's the science.

Sleep

The most studied recovery tool there is, and it's free.

Fuel

Protein, timing and the gut hormones GLP-1 drugs are built on.

Testing 101

How to tell a real lab report from a marketing one

Four tests show up on a good certificate of analysis. Members get the full guide.

IdentityMass spectrometry. Is it the right molecule?
PurityHPLC. How much of the sample is that molecule?
SterilityUSP <71>. Is anything alive in it?
EndotoxinUSP <85>. Are bacterial toxins present?
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